BMOL20070 Biomolecular Lab Skills 2 UCD Assignment Example
To work in a biomolecular laboratory, you will need to have strong skills in molecular biology and biochemistry.
Molecular biology is the study of the structure and function of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes that occur in living organisms.
To work in a biomolecular laboratory, you will need to know how to sequence DNA and proteins, how amplify DNA and RNA molecules, how to analyze protein structures, and how interpret biochemical data. You will also need to be able to operate sophisticated lab equipment such as sequencers, PCR machines, and spectrophotometers.
Assignment Task 1: Perform basic aseptic techniques.
The aseptic technique is the practice of handling potentially infectious materials in a way that minimizes the risk of exposure. It is used in both laboratory and clinical settings to prevent the spread of infection.
There are several basic steps that can be taken to ensure the proper aseptic technique is followed:
- Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water, and dry them completely
- Use alcohol-based hand sanitizer if soap and water are not available
- Avoid contaminating your clothing, hair, or jewelry with infectious material
- Make sure all equipment is sterile before use; autoclave or disinfect any items that cannot be sterilized
- Handle all specimens with care to avoid contact with skin or mucous membranes
- Cover cuts and sores with a clean bandage
- Do not touch your eyes, nose, or mouth when in the lab
- Change clothes if they become soiled to avoid transferring contaminants from the outside to the inside of the lab
- Wear safety goggles when working around broken glass or other potential hazards.
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Assignment Task 2: Stain and use microscopes to study bacterial cultures.
Microscopes are used to study the characteristics of microscopic organisms such as bacteria. There are many different types of microscopes, but the most common is a light microscope. This type of microscope uses visible light that passes through a lens to magnify images for study under a standard set of magnification conditions.
The first step in using a microscope is to prepare a wet mount slide by placing a drop of liquid on a glass slide, covering it with a coverslip, and gently pressing to spread the liquid across the slide. A wet mount will allow you to view larger objects, such as bacterial cells.
A stained dry mount can be used to examine smaller specimens without using oil immersion. To prepare a dry mount slide, place a drop of mounting fluid on a glass slide, carefully place the object to be studied into the mounting fluid, then cover with a coverslip. Next, put some warm water in a microwave-safe container, heat for 1 minute while covered, and allow it to cool for 5 minutes before placing it under the microscope.
Assignment Task 3: Perform some basic immunological and endocrine assays.
Immunological assays are designed to detect the presence of an antigen in a biological sample. A biological sample can be blood, urine, saliva, or any other body fluid.
An antigen is a substance that stimulates the production of antibodies by the immune system. Antibodies are proteins present at varying levels depending on the type and severity of the infection.
Antibodies can be used to detect the presence of an antigen by chemically linking them to an enzyme or other marker compound. This creates a colored product that can be used to identify the presence of antigens in biological samples.
Endocrine assays are designed to determine the level of hormones in a given sample. Hormones are secreted into the blood by endocrine glands. They are responsible for a wide range of functions, including cellular metabolism and growth.
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Assignment Task 4: Comprehend and carry out pharmacological techniques.
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine that deals with the study, discovery, and assessment of drugs. Pharmacologists conduct experiments to determine how different types of pharmaceuticals interact with living organisms, as well as biological samples in a laboratory setting.
There are two different types of pharmacological techniques used by scientists: screening methods and molecular methods.
- Screening methods are designed to identify the presence of a specific biological target in a given sample.
- Molecular methods are used to determine the effects of these targets on cellular function.
Screening techniques include enzyme assays, colorimetric assays, and electrophoresis. Examples of molecular techniques include DNA cloning, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, ELISA, ligand binding assays, and RT-PCR.
Assignment Task 5: Be able to generate a waveform to assess the latency of human reflexes.
Reflexes are a type of response to a specific stimulus. These responses occur in a predictable way and duration depending on the duration, intensity, and type of stimulus.
To generate a waveform, you will need to stimulate your subject with a variety of stimuli from different locations. For example, if you were testing for a knee-jerk reflex, you would tap the patellar tendon below the kneecap with your finger.
The time between each stimulus and the response is measured and graphed on a standardized scale that represents duration by a distance of deflection from baseline and amplitude by distance to either side of the average value. The waveforms generated can be used to help assess the nervous system, including nerve conduction studies and somatosensory evoked potentials.
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Assignment Task 6: Analyse data using computer software packages.
Several different software packages and computer programs are available for analyzing, storing, and transferring data. The most commonly used software package is Microsoft Office Excel. This program can be used to edit and manage experimental results as well as gain a deeper understanding of the data by plotting it on graphs and charts
Data analysis begins with importing raw data from an experiment into the computer. This raw data is then transformed into results that convey useful information about the experiment, which are then displayed on graphs and charts.
Results can be displayed numerically or graphically, allowing you to gain a deeper understanding of your data. Graphs allow you to visualize experimental results to identify errors or patterns within the data.
Assignment Task 7: Have an understanding of the applications of these techniques to research and analysis in the biomolecular sciences.
Several other techniques can be used in the biomolecular sciences, such as gas chromatography and liquid chromatography. These methods separate large molecules into smaller components so they can be identified and characterized.
One such analysis technique is mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry is an analytical chemistry technique that identifies chemicals by their mass. This technique can be used to identify both small components of large molecules as well as very complex mixtures of small molecules.
There are, of course, many other techniques that are specific to the biomolecular sciences, such as chromatographic methods for characterizing proteins or nucleic acids, but it is impossible to cover them all in such a short section of an assignment.
However, the general ideas and applications of each technique should be clear enough to allow you to complete your experiments or project with no problems.
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