AN223 Embryology and Development Assignment Example NUI Galway Ireland

AN223 Embryology and Development course will explore the development of the human body from conception through adolescence. You will learn about the process of fertilization, embryogenesis, and organogenesis, as well as the major changes that occur during each stage of fetal development. Additionally, you will study common congenital anomalies and their impact on development. Finally, you will examine the physical, cognitive, and social changes that occur during puberty and adolescence.

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In this course, there are many types of assignments given to students like group projects, individual assignments, continuous assessments, reports, business plans, business proposals, executive summaries, and other solutions given by us.

In this section, we are describing some assigned tasks. These are:

Assignment Activity 1: Have acquired knowledge of the early events of embryonic development.

Embryonic development begins when the sperm and egg fuse together to form a single cell, called a zygote. This cell begins to divide rapidly, and by the end of the first week, it has become a ball of cells called a blastocyst. The blastocyst implants in the uterus two to three days after fertilization, and at this point, the embryo is known as a conceptus.

The next stage of embryonic development is called gastrulation, which begins on day 16 and lasts until day 21. During gastrulation, the three germ layers – the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm – are formed. These germ layers will go on to form all of the different tissues and organs in the body.

After gastrulation, the embryo enters into a phase of rapid growth and differentiation, during which time the various organs and systems begin to take shape. By the end of the eighth week, all of the major structures have formed, and the embryo is now considered a fetus. The final stage of fetal development is known as the post-natal period, and it lasts until adolescence. During this time, the fetus continues to grow and develop and eventually becomes an adult.

Assignment Activity 2: Have a clear overview of the initial full process of prenatal development.

The initial process of prenatal development begins with the process of fertilization. Fertilization is when a sperm cell and an egg cell join together to form a single-celled organism called a zygote. The zygote begins to divide rapidly, and by the end of the first week, it has become a ball of cells called a morula. The morula then develops into a hollow ball of cells called a blastocyst.

The blastocyst implants itself into the wall of the uterus, and over the next few weeks, it begins to grow and develop into an embryo. The embryo grows from just a few cells to hundreds of cells, and by the end of week eight, it has developed all its major structures. The embryo is now known as a fetus, and it will continue to grow and develop until it is born.

The process of prenatal development can be divided into three main phases: the embryonic phase, the fetal phase, and the post-natal period. The embryonic phase lasts from week one to week eight, and during this time the embryo undergoes rapid growth and differentiation. The fetal phase lasts from week nine to week 38, and during this time the fetus continues to grow and develop. The post-natal period lasts from week 39 until the child is born, and it is during this time that the fetus becomes an adult.

Assignment Activity 3: Have a clear understanding of how the body plans are established early in development.

The body plans are established early in development by the three germ layers – the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. These germ layers will go on to form all of the different tissues and organs in the body.

• The ectoderm forms the skin, hair, nails, and central nervous system.
• The mesoderm forms the skeletal system, muscular system, circulatory system, and respiratory system.
• The endoderm forms the digestive system, liver, and pancreas.

After gastrulation, the embryo enters into a phase of rapid growth and differentiation, during which time the various organs and systems begin to take shape. By the end of the eighth week, all of the major structures have formed, and the embryo is now considered a fetus. The final stage of fetal development is known as the post-natal period, and it lasts until adolescence. During this time, the fetus continues to grow and develop and eventually becomes an adult.

Assignment Activity 4: Have acquired knowledge on the basic steps of development of CNS, heart and major vessels, lungs and airways, gastrointestinal system, urogenital system, neck, and face.

Development of CNS

The central nervous system (CNS) is formed from the ectoderm. The CNS begins to form in week three, and by week four it has developed into a hollow tube called the neural tube. The neural tube will eventually become the brain and spinal cord.

Development of heart and major vessels

The heart and major vessels are formed from the mesoderm. The heart begins to form in week four, and by week five it has developed into a simple tube with two chambers. The major vessels begin to form in week six, and by week seven they have developed into a network of vessels that will carry blood throughout the body.

Development of lungs and airways

The lungs and airways are formed from the endoderm. The lungs begin to form in week five, and by week eight they have developed into a pair of tubes with alveoli. The airways begin to form in week six, and by week nine they have developed into a network of tubes that will carry air to and from the lungs.

Development of a gastrointestinal system

The gastrointestinal system is formed from the endoderm. The gastrointestinal tract begins to form in week five, and by week eight it has developed into a hollow tube that will carry food from the mouth to the anus.

Development of a urogenital system

The urogenital system is formed from the mesoderm. The urogenital tract begins to form in week six, and by week eight it has developed into a pair of tubes that will carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Development of neck

The neck is formed from the ectoderm. The neck begins to form in week five, and by week seven it has developed into a structure that will support the head and allow for movement of the head and neck.

Development of face

The face is formed from the ectoderm and the mesoderm. The face begins to form in week five, and by week seven it has developed into a structure that will allow for the expression of emotions and the sense of smell.

Assignment Activity 5: Have a clear understanding of basic concepts on causes of occurrence of variations and congenital disabilities and their importance.

Variations

There are many different causes of variation, but the most common cause is a genetic mutation. Mutations can occur spontaneously or can be induced by environmental factors such as radiation or chemicals. Mutations can be passed down from parent to child, and they can also occur in the DNA of sperm or eggs, which can lead to changes in the DNA of the offspring.

Birth defects

Birth defects are usually caused by genetic mutations, but they can also be caused by environmental factors such as radiation or chemicals. Birth defects can be mild or severe, and they can often lead to death. Birth defects are a leading cause of death in newborns.

The importance of variations and birth defects

Variations and birth defects are important because they can lead to changes in the DNA of the offspring. These changes can then be passed down to future generations, which can result in the evolution of new species. Birth defects are also important because they can lead to the death of newborns. By understanding the causes of variation and birth defects, we can work to prevent them from occurring.

Assignment Activity 6: Know about the formation of the placenta and its functions.

Formation of the placenta

The placenta is formed from the chorion, a membrane that surrounds the embryo. The chorion forms in week six, and by week seven it has developed into a structure that will support the developing embryo. The placenta will continue to develop throughout pregnancy, and it will eventually become the source of nutrients and oxygen for the embryo.

Functions of the placenta

The placenta performs several important functions, including:

• Providing nutrients and oxygen to the embryo
• Removing waste products from the embryo
• Regulating the temperature of the embryo
• Secreting hormones that help to maintain pregnancy
• Protecting the embryo from infection

Taken together, these functions are essential for the development of the embryo and the health of the pregnant woman.

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